Here is a list of the resources (1) and case studies (2) posted on this website. Please expand the relevant sections to see all the content.
1. RESOURCES
The resources below are organized according to the 3 Lenses of Analysis that forms my ICAR Behavior Analysis Framework: Incentives, Choice Architecture and Repetition, with general Behavioral Interventions best practices listed first.
For each Lens of Analysis, you will find:
- Best Practices: these will help you in planning and completing the analysis.
- Behavioral Tools: these are the practical tools you can make use of to shape behaviors.
- Behavioral Tendencies: these are the human tendencies at play for each Lens. They are the theoretical reasons behind the Behavioral Tools. Read them to dig a bit deeper on a particular Tendency.
Please click on each title (Best practices, Tools or Tendencies) to expand the section and see the related resources. Tools are further organized within each Lens according to the dimensions listed in the ICAR Framework.
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- How to combine Incentives analysis and Behavioral Insights to change behaviors
- Don’t follow lessons in popular Behavioral Economics books
- The synergies between Behavioral Interventions and Conversion Rate Optimization
- Target both objective and subjective customer satisfaction drivers
- Why you should always test Behavioral Interventions on a small scale first
- Distinguish mandates, incentives and nudges
- Decide on final business metrics before project launch
- How to prioritize customer touch points for behavioral intervention?
- Doubt (at least initially) 95% of scientific research results
Lens 1: Incentives
Incentives analysis is the first phase of the ICAR Framework and the layer that carries the most weight in shaping behaviors. It can be tricky distinguishing finely what is a Tendency and what is a Tool for this layer. For example, people tend to act according to the modulations (positive or negative) they expect to get in terms of self-esteem from a specific behavior. This is a Tendency. This is also a Tool however, in that it can be used directly in a intervention. So note that some Tendencies are also applicable Tools for this layer.
[accordion autoclose=false clicktoclose=true openall=”false” tag=h2][accordion-item title=”Incentives Analysis Resources” id=incentives-analysis-resources]
Incentives Analysis Best Practices
Incentives Analysis Behavioral Tendencies
Monetary Incentives Behavioral Tendencies
Non-Monetary Incentives Behavioral Tendencies
Incentives Analysis Tools
Monetary Incentives Tools
Non-Monetary Incentives Tools
Lens 2: Choice Architecture
The second phase of analysis is Choice Architecture.
[accordion autoclose=false clicktoclose=true openall=”false” tag=h2][accordion-item title=”Choice Architecture Resources” id=choice-architecture-resources]
Choice Architecture Best Practices
Choice Architecture Behavioral Tendencies
- Reactance
- Halo Effect (tendency)
- Disjunction effects: immediate decisions prevented by an uncertain, but irrelevant, future event
- The peak-end rule for rating past experiences
- Ranking of choice options influences decisions
- A/A illusion (or A/B illusion)
- Moral licensing (or self-licensing)
- Conflict of interest disclosure leads to more biased advice
- Myopic Loss Aversion
Choice Architecture Tools
The Tools used for the Choice Architecture Lens are numerous and further organized in 5 sections (see the framework for the explanations).
Data & Info presentation
Contextual persuasion and copy elements
- Increase Concreteness to increase impact of elements
- False friend: beware disfluency as a BE tool
- Halo Effect (tool)
- Salience
Choice ergonomics and usability; user experience
- False friends: priming is a less efficient than you’ve been told
- Default choice(s): types and how to use them
- Reactance Mitigation
- Order of option presentations
Options and possibilities structuring
Choice commitment
Lens 3: Repeated Behavior
An optional layer of analysis, if relevant, when the goal is to create repeated behaviors over time.
[accordion autoclose=false clicktoclose=true openall=”fasle” tag=h2][accordion-item title=”Repeated Behaviors Resources” id=repetition-resources]
Repetition Best Practices
Repetition Behavioral Tendencies
Repetition Tools
Repetition Tools: Prompts
Repetition Tools: Cues
Repetition Tools: Habits
Repetition Tools: Positive Reinforcers
Repetition Tools: Negative Reinforcers
2. CASE STUDIES
Below are most of the case studies posted on this website, sorted by Domains of application, and then by type. RCT stands for Randomized Controlled Trials and I am also distinguishing between repeated or isolated academic studies, because many isolated study results have proven wrong or at least exaggerated.
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[accordion-item title=”General” id=case_studies_general]
Academic Studies
Isolated Natural Experiment
Repeated Natural Experiment
- Mandate helmets for bikers, get a drop in motorbikes theft
- Order of appearance of research articles influences clicks, downloads, cites
Isolated RCT
- Background color of nutritional labels influences perception of how healthy the product is
- Consumers rate “eco-friendly” coffee as tasting better
- Labelling the same foods as organic makes consumers evaluate them differently
- Stating Appointment Costs in SMS Reminders Reduces Missed Hospital Appointments
- Adding a healthy side to a hamburger decreases its perceived calories total
Repeated RCT
- Slicing apples increases how many students buy them and eat them
- Advance notification of coming invitation letter for health screening increases participation rate
- Larger packaging and plates make us eat more
- SMS reminders before health appointments are effective
Private organizations case studies
- Concrete nutrition labels convey much more than abstract ones
- Printing flat screen TVs on side of bike packages reduces delivery damage by up to 80%
- Increasing the distance between a beverage station and a snack station reduces the number of people who grab a snack while taking a beverage
- Making people walk more so they wait less increases their satisfaction
- GPS navigation app switches to child voice near a school
Governmental case studies
- Text messages sent when blood donors’ blood is used
- Schools increase attendance with washers/dryers as tools of social acceptance
- Moving signature box to top of form instead of bottom increased fees collected
- Banning single-use plastic bags results in more plastic bag waste
[accordion-item title=”Environment” id=case_studies_environment]
Academic Studies
Isolated Natural Experiment
Repeated Natural Experiment
Isolated RCT
Repeated RCT
Private organizations case studies
Governmental case studies
[/accordion-item]
[accordion-item title=”Finance” id=case_studies_finance]
Academic Studies
Isolated Natural Experiment
Repeated Natural Experiment
Isolated RCT
Repeated RCT
Private organizations case studies
- Wealthfront allows clients to adjust risk tolerance only once a month
- Citibank’s Lite mobile app: fighting Myopic Loss Aversion
Governmental case studies
[/accordion-item]
[accordion-item title=”Health” id=case_studies_health]
Academic Studies
Isolated Natural Experiment
Repeated Natural Experiment
Isolated RCT
Repeated RCT
- Slicing apples increases how many students buy them and eat them
- Advance notification of coming invitation letter for health screening increases participation rate
- Larger packaging and plates make us eat more
Private organizations case studies
- Concrete nutrition labels convey much more than abstract ones
- Encouraging hospital visitors to use hand disinfectant
- Increasing the distance between a beverage station and a snack station reduces the number of people who grab a snack while taking a beverage
Governmental case studies
- Text messages sent when blood donors’ blood is used
- Encouraging hospital visitors to use hand disinfectant
[/accordion-item]
[accordion-item title=”Digital” id=case_studies_digital]
Academic Studies
Isolated Natural Experiment
Repeated Natural Experiment
Isolated RCT
Repeated RCT
Private organizations case studies
Governmental case studies
[/accordion-item]
[accordion-item title=”Local Government” id=case_studies_local_government]
Academic Studies
Isolated Natural Experiment
Repeated Natural Experiment
Isolated RCT
Repeated RCT
- SMS reminders before health appointments are effective
- Signing before filling forms makes us more honest than signing at the end
Private organizations case studies
Governmental case studies
- Text messages sent when blood donors’ blood is used
- Schools increase attendance with washers/dryers as tools of social acceptance
- Encouraging hospital visitors to use hand disinfectant
- Moving signature box to top of form instead of bottom increased fees collected
- Banning single-use plastic bags results in more plastic bag waste
[/accordion-item][/accordion]